Feeding and swallowing problems, known as dysphagia, occur in an estimated 25% to 45% of normally developing children.

For decades no effective preventive options existed, and the tools now exist to prevent severe disease.

Even after comprehensive testing, about 30% of children with short stature — height below the third percentile on a growth chart — do not have a definitive diagnosis, leading to extended surveillance, testing and anxiety.

The council, which consists of about 35 ABS-certified surgeons, sets national standards for surgical education, assessment, certification and research priorities.

Damage or removal of calcium-regulating parathyroid glands during endocrine surgery can put children at risk for poor growth and slow mental development.

SHINE program offers neurodevelopmental care embedded within a medical home for infants and young children with neonatal opioid exposures.